Download: BABOTbr O ffiTIBHI,I HAPOIA,

BABOTbr O ffiTIBHI,I HAPOIA, EOJIETIIE BHtrMAHr{,fl METO,4AU PABOT.6I"

(PZ nmoa,pa tr934. ao|a') * tr[a aanttootumertbH,oeo cnoea moeapuu+d Mao llae-lyua na II Bcenumaficrou czeade pa- 6ortux u npecrnb&Hctiufr 1engmamoe, cocnxoee- urc.u,ca s e. )Itgilt4euue npoauHyuu lleaucu e rlHldpe 1934 eo?a,, lBa Borrpoca, Ha HoTopbre ToBapnqrr B IIpeErrflx AOCTarOrIrrO OepbelSHoro BHI,IMaHrrf . Ha otux fl rr xoEy clleqrraJrbHo ocTarroBrrTbcfi. rr5J IJ'vtx - aTo Botrpoc o EtrrS[II EapoAHbIx Macc. Harrra oclroBuafl BaAarIa - mo6ranraaoBarr rul/t- !fiaccEr HapoAa Ha yqacrue B peBoJrroqrronsoft noftne, B peBoJrrorlrlonnoft softHe raMrleprraJrrrBM rr ro- pactrpocrparrrrrb peBoJrrcqrlrc rra Boro crparry, IrMrepr4raJrrrcroB rr3 Itraras. Hro ue[ooqeHr{Baer ro BaAaqy, ror nnoxoft peBoJrroqrrouuuf pa- Ec,ntr narun roBaprrqlr ilo-Hacro.ErrleMy y.flcHrr

ETy ocrroBrrylo Ba[asy, flofiMyr, rlro peBoJrIoqrIK)

Bo qro 6rr ro Hr{ craJro paclpoorparrrrrb Ha Bcro , To y rrac He 6yqer nra lranefturero upene6perHenun r{HTepecaMrr II yoJroBl4flMr4 ?nr4Brrl{ urrpoHrrx Macc, He 6ytrer un lrareftrueft He4ooqeHxr,r arux u ycrowrft. Penonroquonna.s gofiua - aro soft- Macc, Becrlr ee Mo?rtuo, rrarur mo6raJrrrayf Maccbr, Jrlrrrrb orrrrpaflcb rra HapoAlrEre MaccEI. Jrr{ MLr no6egrnrr Bpara, ecJlrlr orpaHfisumcfr uo6urraaaqueft napo4a AJrff BeAelrug softnrr ra ne BarrrrMarbce uuxaxoft [pyroft pa6oroft? f(onevno, Ecau rvrr,r xorrru rro6elurb, rram rryrnHo oAeJlarb eIIIe MHOrOe. l{aru Hymno pynoBoArrrb fipeorbfiHcrBoM, 250 MAO U3e-Eys EOJIBItrE AAEOT6I O E{IISHI/I HAPOAA 251 r 5opr6e Ba BeMJIro r{ HaAeJrflrb HllecrbffH selrrefil tro4Hrr- Borrpocbr, croffBrrrrre trepe[ HaceJIeH[eM ropo[a MaTb TpyAoaofi auryallaBM rtpecrEflH rr pasBrrBaTb ceJrl"- , r(oropoe oqellb EaAeHJrocb, qTo MhI IIoMOrileM cnoxoeqficrBenrroe trporrBBogcrBo; Baqrrqarb rrETepecbl ux. Ho ropo4cxofi rrcrroJllrrrreJlrnrrfi Houuren pa6ovlrx; coaAaBarb Koo[eparr4Brl; paaBrrBarb BHeEEIoIo la?fie Ee craBlrJr'arrrx BotrpocoB. flocile [epeBEr- roproBJrro; peruarb Borrioocbl o5ecue.Ienu.E IrapoAHEIx Macc co6paHfifl pa6ovux rrt Hpecrb.EHcrilrx AetryraroB ogenr;1oit, upoAoBoirbcrtsr,IeM, ?rtIdJrDeM, rrpeAMeraM[ trep- 6onee cra 4euyrhtor flepeoraJrr[ .EBJrflrbcff soit ueo6xo[rrmocrrr, peruarb Bo[pochr BApaBooxpaEenrrfl, , TaK r(art Ea EIIX o6cyrqauucb ToJlbrto Bo- Borrpocbr 6pana. Itopoue roBoprr, Bce Borrpocbr rroBcegHeB- yBeiluqeHr{fl qlrcJleHrrocrn }tpacnoft apMrrrr rr Mo- Hofi Err.rBrM HapoAHr,rx Macc [oJrrr(Hrr 6rrrr rrpeAMerou Ha- B TpaHc[oprHEre orpf[Lr I4 coBeprueHHo He mero cauoro trpricraJrbnoro BHrrMasus.. Eutn rv61 6ygelr BEtrMaHEff rlapoAa; B cBflBrr c arrrM B 'nr4BEr4 yEeJrflTb BHr4MaE[re STrrM BorrpocaM, pellraTb IIx II yHoBJreI- co3brBarb BaceAaHrrE cTaJIO EeBOBMOInHO. BOprrTb rry?n[Er rrapolr{brx Macc, MEr cTaHeM TToAJIUHEEIMII troaT oMy raRlIMU neB HaqrITe JrbrrhrMu oH aB aJrrrcb r aM oprarrr4S aropaMrl Err{3Hr,r Hapo[a r[ MaccEr rro-HacToffrqeMy p a6 orrr uo yBeJrrrseHl{rc qrrc Jrenuocru }t p aorofi c[Jrorflrcff Bortpyr nac n 6y4yr ropffqo Hac rro44ep?HuBarb" r no uo6nru4aarlrm B TpaHctroprnrre orpaArr. Ta- Tonapuqu, cMo,fieM Jrrr MEr rorAa rroAHflrb HapoAE-r.re Mao- ftapTrrlra B oAIroM Mecre. crr rra yqacrue B peBoJrrcqrdonnoft sofiHe? Cmonreu, 6eey- , BEr, BepoflTHo, flpotlrrraJrl4 poBAarrHyrc BaM CJIOBHO CMOffiEM. o AByx o6paaqorrrx BoJlocrfix. Tau naptuua eo- C namnrvrrn pa6ornumauu cJryrranocb r4HorIa rafi: onrr trHaE. Itanoe 6oraroe uotroJrueHrre ganra ltpacnoft BaHrrmaJrrrcb roJrbr(o yBeJr[qeEueu qr{creEHocru }tpacnofi BoJlocrb Yanranr upoBrrHql4rr I{aancu rr BoJlocrb apMrrfi, yBeJu.rqeuueM rpaHcuoprurrx orpflAon, c6opou ae- I nposlrnquu Oyqaanrl B soroctr gauran 80o/o MeJrbHoro HaJrora, pacupocrpaHeErreM saftMa. A nax me xoJroAe?fiu tr My?ItqI[E rr ?fieHlqr{Il EpeJIOrO BOSpaCTa Hacrrer Bcero ocTaJrrnoro? Ocralrrnrmr ourr He BauuuaJrtrcb, B pspr ltpacnofi apMrrrr' a B Bonocrlr I{aftcz o6 ocranrnoM r{e aa6ourrucr; 6onrrue roro, oHrr roo6rqe Hpacnofi apMIrrI BcrytrnJlo 88'/o. Eouurrrre yorexrr Hr,I O rIoM ne sa60rr,rfir,rcr. Tan, HalpuMep, n Turwnoy raH?fie rr B pac[pocTpaHeHr[I,r BaftMa: B BOJrO' ropoTlcHofi l{c[oJrtrr4TeJrr,nufi xoulrrer oArro BpeMfi BaEu- Hagrau o rrdcereutreu B 1500 qeroBex BaeM pactrpo- ITIOJICfi TOJrbr(O yBeilurrerrl.reM qr{cJreHrrocrn ltpacnofi apuulr ua cynnvly 4500 roarefi' OseHr xopomue pesyJrbrarrr n uo6uuuaaqneft a rpaHcfioprEbre orpflAril, a BorrpocaMr,r raM rr rlo Apyrr,{M BfiAaM pa6orr,r. Vem o6r.sc' fitllarrrr HapoAHErx Macc ooBeprtreHr{0 He rrrrTepecoBaJrc.fr. Tartoe troJroxtesne? fl uonamy oro Ira EecnoJlbnrrx Menqy reM, rraceJlesrae Trauqxoy E€ uMeJIo ro[JruBa, Ee . f(orga y onuoro 6egnnna B BoJrocrr4 9anran MorJIo uprao6pecru coJrr{, noropyrc nanrrraJrrrcrEr rrpffTaJrrr, qaorb [oMa, aonoctuof, uctroJlrrrlreJlilrrrft xonauret qaeTb rraoeJleElil.fi He rdMeJIa ,fir{JIbE, B IOpOne HeXBaTaJIO cpe4u HaceJrelrlrfi o6op cpegerB IJLE rloMou{r4 rro' puca, q€fla Ea Hero croflJra BErcofiafi. Taxosu 6rrtu na- . Horga rplr xurreJlff oxaaaJll[cb 6ea opegorn,

MAO rI 33-EyH BOJIEItrE BAEOTbI O EII{3}II/I HAPOEA252 253

H CyqecrBoBarrl{ro, ucloJrEureJlbHblii rtoMurer BMecTe c 06- PgoupocrpaHlrJlr{ ee Ha BcIo crparlywIvlp'fl Ba Haur[Mrtr trIecTBOM BSarrMO[oMorq[ HeMeAJreHHo co6paJr puc u troMor a trprrabrBalrrr, Ao KoHIIa 6oponraor aa uo6e4y Hy?fi[aroqrrMcf . JIeroM uporrrJroro ro[a B cB.fl3lr c HeAopoAoM . Haceaerure BoJrocrl4 9atlran roDoptrr: <>AoJr]rtrrhr BcelAa cro.Erb Ha rroBecrne gua. ?Ix na4o urr nepauft, ntopofi, O6CYIII;IAU,, NPUIITIT4ATb IIO HI{M PEIUEHIIE, IIPOBOAIITb ATtr peurcuun B lrruaHb lr flpoBepfrrb r{x BoB-,rotroJrrrerrr4e. Hymuo, EacroflIrlee BpeMfl roMrrIrAaII [poBoAr4r raHrrrHy qro6bl ((se-lrrrlpoxrre Hapo4rrbre Maccbl rrorrflJrr4, rrro a, MbI flB- 6.nonrayaoa yctrllieuuo BoBABrrraer cBorl JIReMCfl BErpaar4TeJrflMrr r{X IIHTepeCOB, qTO MbI ?ItUBeM , Ha[eflcb Ha Hrlx, HaH Ha HecortpyurrMyro cTeHy. o4uoi,t rrr\tarrbro c HrrMr4. Jrr yrrt Hecorpylulrlta ara crelrar ronaprrqu? Boeoe Hymxo, vro5rr, r{cxoAfl r4B aroro, lra rrpo-oHrlr yffcurrJlw ce6e Iloouotpute canra. Paaee He oroflJrrr flpotluo r[eo- BErEBrIraeMbre rraMrr eule 6onee BLIcoHr{e Ba4aqr4, Ba,qaqu rbrcflqefieruft Hpeuocrubre BaJIbr lr naopqr.r peBoJllorllrouuoft noftarr, uro6rr oErr troAgep]fiaJrrr peBoJrro- rrMneparopos? Ho troArrflJll4ob IrapoAlf,re MaocEr,, 254 MAO U3A-ET/H EOJIbME BAEOTI,I O EITISHI{ HAPO]IA 255 ?r oHrr rraJrrr o[rlrE 3a Apyrr4M. Pyccnuii rlapr 6rrn oArr[rM o6 arou xorL rr,rcauy paB, a ycrrexa no 4o6serurca. r{B caMBrx E(ecronr{x npanrtteleft B Mlrpe, Ho pasBe yrleJreJrunurc6oft [pyroft pa6ore B [poBepno Jrrr BeMeJrb- oToT rlapb, ft or[a - IIp oJreTapr.raT r4 Hp ecrbfl H0TB o rroArr fl.J-tt,ict) te[eJroB, s xoasficrrerruoM Jrr{ crporrreJlrrcrBe, B nyJlb- Ha peBo,rtrcquro? Her, Ee yqeJreJr. A neconpyurlrlrnre crenrr? rnoft pa6ore, n pa6ore B florpauuqubrx Pyxnyma. 9ro me flBJr.flercr nacroarqeft neconpyuruuoii paftouax - Mr,r 6y4eru roJrBKo craBrrrb Ba4aqrl, cterofi, ronapuqr? Hapo4, MHoroMrrJrJrlroHr{hre Macchr 6ygeM o6paqarr BHrrMaur{.fl rra Mero71rr BbrloJruerrLtfl IlAPoEe, BCOM CCp[qeMI4 BCeMI/t IIoMhrCJraMrr cBot4Mr4 rronAep- Daflaq, He 6yAeM 6opotrcr c 6roponpaursecnr.rMr,r Me- ,nrrB arorlr,re p eB o Jrroq?rrc. Ero rracr ofl n{a.rr H ec onp)rrrr}rMarr pa6orbr rr [prrMeHfltr 4eficrneuHbre, Horr(perrrbre creHa, HoTOpyrc -He pasp]n lrrTb HrdHorAa, rre or6pocuM Merogbr roJroro aAMr,rnrrcrprrpoBaHrrs " He paBpy- Ilrrrrb Hrdranofi crrJre, ftonrppero.rrrcqrar[ Hac Ee cJroMtrrr,, 6ygeu frprrMeHflrr, Mero4br repneJrrrBoro y6erqeuna, a Mbr ee cJroMr{M. Cnrorlrs MuoroulrlJrJrraoHrrrre Maccrr o4lrofi Ba4aqu Mbr BLrrroJrHrrrb He cMolfieM.

Hapo[a Bonpyr peBoJrroqrroHrroro [paBrrTeJrE,crBa rr pa3- yeaAe CuHro Harrrrr roBaprrtrIrr floxaaaJrrr rrepBoxJrac-

BeprryB rraily peBoJrrorlvorruyro nofiny, MEr cyMeeu rroJr_ pa6ory Lr arr{M BacJryxr\tJrrr [otreruoe BBarrrre o6paa- Ho crb ro yHurrrolnl,rrb rt oHTpp eB o Jrroqrrro, cyMeeM o ceod oglrtr pa6o.rHmroB. Xopouro, rBop.recnu nopa6orarur u uocr Itr.rraft. B CeBepo-BocrosHoii qacrr4 rrpoBrrHqr4rr If aancn, llropofi Bonpoc - Borpoc o MeroAax pa6orhr. BacJry?nr4Baror roro, sro6br MEr xBaJrr,rJrr,r rax xax o6-Mr,l - pynoBoArdre,rrrrr rr opraHr{Baropbr peBoJrroq?rou- pa6ornuHon. TaHtre roBaprrrlrr, Han pa6orHunlr noli softsEr trr B ro rHe BpeMfl Mr,r - pynoBoArarerrrr rr opra- Cunro u ceBepo-BocrorrHoii qacrrr [poBrrrrqrrrr I]sau- rrrrBaropbr ?nr{Brrrr Macc. Opraurzaaqua peeolroquounofi ,oDtrBaJrrlr lnrrsHb Macc c peBoJrroqr4orrHofi softHoit u pa3- nofinrr ra yryqilIeuwe yc,rronuh ?nr4aErr{ Macc Bor lraurrr oArroBpeMerrHo Borrpoc o MeroAax rI Botrpoc o nBe BeJrrrnlre BaAarM. lI egeu, rrepe[ - HaMu co ncefi cepree- peB oJrrorlr4oHuoft pa6 orr,r. Onu cepr eaHo p a6oraror, Irocrbro Bcraer Bofipoc o MeroAax narueft pa6ornr. Mu o paspernarcr Borrpochr, flo-Hacro.EuleMy BEIrroJr- noJllltHbr He.TOJIbnO BErABrrraTb BaAatru, Ho r[ peruaTb Bo- cnoft Ao,nr IIepeApero.nroqneft; our - BaMeqarerb- npoo o MeroAax Brir[oJruerrrrr arrrx Ba;1aq. Ilepe4 HaMrr, cna_ OpraHrra aropbr rr pyr(oBo4rrreJrrr peBoJrloqrroHnoft soft Hf,r ,I(OM, BO,IIOTI0 - Il0penpaBl,ITbOfl rrepe3 peHy, HO e0Jrrzr y HaC IO ffie BpeMfi BaMeqareJlbHr're opraHrrBaropbilr pyHo- rrer MocTa I{JII4 Jlo/lr{?r, cAeJlarb aro rreBoBMoinuo. Ecntr ne lnrrSrrrr Macc. m Bo MHorrrx [pyrrrx Mecrax, perur4rb Boflpoca o MocTe vilIl o Jro/IHe, ro Bce paBroBopErpBrrenoroprrx pa-fiouax yesAoB Illanxan, Harrzs o [epeflpaBe ua gpyroft 6eper ocrauyrc_E rrycrrrMrr cJroBaMr(. [poBrrrrqr{rr Oyqarun, n Cuqaaue r.r gpyrux paft-

Ecnr ue peurrrrb Bo[poca o MeroAe, BbrtroJrneHtre Bagaqu ga rcre trpoBr4Hrlrrr4 I{aaucu, B EeHoropbrx pafiouax

cneflercn n So,nrorne. Ec,nz re o6paularr snr.fMaurrrHapy- tla.nuu, IOucnnr, u I{alraur r florparurvnom pai,ione r{oBoAcrBo ne,ToM yBeJr[qeH[fl qrrcJreHrrocrz Hpacnoft ap_ - Ilaancra, B Hexoropbrx paffonax yeaAa flucuur sM/trnn ne rr,rpa6oraTb rrylnHrilx MeToAoB ATOIO yBeJMqeHrrfl, paftoue Xynart - Xy6afi-I{eRnou, aranxte, 250 MAO ITBO-ETIH EOJIBItrE SABOTbI O E{I{3III1I HAPOtrA 2s7 B pa-fiouax r{ BoJrocrflx pff[a yeBAoB [poBrrurlr{rr I{eaucuIBrlone 1933 roaa Ea BoerrlroM coBc[tarutr Ir ropax JlyrnaIrt (npo' )I(yftqaraur, BrrHqEr Ilaxucu) rlas ltarl-uru rprrrlaJr pouetlfic o llprrMoHeHul4rr B yeBIIe Helocpe4crBerruo rroAqurreHHoM rIeH- E rrEToM (rroxoAe)) uosofi noeurrofi rarttlrttz - TaI(TI4I{lr BoaBe-T.py, IoBaprrqrr ranffie rroHaBErBaror o6paaqr,r pa6oru ra gesra 6aonraysoB Boxpyr Hpacfloro paflona. flo uuclorquucl n paauofi Mepe BacJryErrrBaror naurefi [oxBaJrBr. loAcqeraM, n EoIrrIy flHBapE 1934 roAa B rrpoBlrrlrlrrr l{axrcu FlecouHeuso, Bo BCex qacrflx ylpaBJrfleuoft uaura rep- 6rrno rocrpoeno 2900 6uoHrayaon. Ora 'lanHafirutrcrcxarr ral(- prrropflr{ rrMeer0fl HeMaJro anrrrBrlcroB r xoporurrx pa6ornr,r- TuRa BoBBe[enur 6roxrayaon [prrMeHEJracB BrlocJreAcrBrrll rr Ha arux grIoEcHtrMtr n 6opr6e nporrrB B-fi aplrull u Hoaofl rtoB, BhIABuHyBIIIuxcfi r4B Macc. roBaplztrrlax BaxBarqr{RaMlr Jlefirr,rr 4-fi apwum s I{zrae. Paapa6otaunatr roBaptrqer{ Mao I-laa-gyuou BaAarIa - rlouorarb raM, rAe pa6ora uocraBJrera cra6o, crparerrrf napolHoft nof,nr,t goxaaElBaer rloJrHyro BoBMorr(- loMorarb Heo[ErrHbrM roBapldrrlau HaJra4rrrb cnoro pa6ory. Eocrr crrpaBtrTbcfi c tarruxofi Bo3BeAeHuE 6norrayaon, xoto-

Mrr crolru rrepe4 JrrrrloM BenuHoft peBoJrlorlrlor+roft nofturr, pyro nptrMeHrrror r{ollrppeBoJlloturoHrlr,re crrJrhl, II oAeprfiaTE IraA

Mbr coxpyrrrr{Tb rrpeArrprrHflrrrft n orpolrnbrx teft uo6egy, rlro Mac- qeJrlrr(oM rroATBepAr{Jrocb xoAoM co6r,rrrft,[oJunHbr ura6 ax ((tr ox oA)> rrp orrrB Hrlr(a, MEr A oJrinur,r p ac[p o crp arrr{Tb peBoJrroqrrrc Ha Bcro crpasy. tril na scex pa6oruranax peno- Jrroqrru Jrexrrirr senu.raiiuras orBercrBenuocrr. flocne na- c1'offulero c,beBEa Mhr o6flBaHbr rrprrHflrB gei,rcrneuuble Mepr,r JIfi fl yry qruenr,r rr Harrrefi p a6 orrr ; nepeAoBble p aft oum [orrr,Hhr r4llT[r AAJTLTUe BrrepeA, a Ororaroqr4e - EorHarb rrepeAoBbre.I{ago coBlarb rrrc.Equ ranrrx no,nocreft, fiaK Yauran, J(ecflTnrr rafirrx yeBAoB, rart Crauro. 0ro naruu [potrHrre rro- Brrllrrrr. Sangg ETr[ rroarrrllrtrr, MbI EBlrlreMcfl c HIax Ha pa8rp oM (qroxoEoB)) [poTrrBHrrHa, Ha cBepffi eHrre r oclroAcrBa rrM[eprraJrrrBM.a rr roMrlrrrAarra Bo BceM ]tutae.

IIP[!tDUAHI[fl I 9anrarr - BoJrocrE B ycaAo Cmro upoorrrqrz llanncu.

g llaficu - BoJrocrB B yeBAe lllasxau trpoBr,ruqrrr (Dyqarnr. ' $ l'ysrrce - oArrE rra ye3[oB, coBAanrrtrx B r(pac]roM pafiore rlpoBtrHqtrtr llasncr c ueurpoM n fiynryuxroue (n rcro-aoctouuoft , aracttr yeala Ilarnanr). B oxrr6pe 1931 rona aAecs uoru6 xoMaEAEp 3-ro ropnyca Hpacuot apMtru rots. Xyan lyu-lroo. B uausrr o uen 6uu o6paaonau DreBA, EaaBauurrft ero nMeHeM.

Uao IIBo-ryE

]

15